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The Declaration of Rights
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The Declaration of Rights : ウィキペディア英語版
The Declaration of Rights

The Declaration of Rights was a document that stated in detail the wrongs committed by the previous King, James II, and specified the English rights that all citizens are entitled to and all monarchs must abide by. The English Parliament made William of Orange (King William III) and his wife, Queen Mary II, accept the ''Declaration'' before they were allowed to take the throne. The ''Declaration'' was a tactical compromise between the Whig and Tory parties, who advocated for Constitutional Monarchism and Absolutism respectively. The Declaration of Rights was later written into the English Bill of Rights and made a part of the English Constitution.
== Buildup to the Declaration ==
During the 17th and 18th centuries, many countries, including France’s Louis XIV and Prussia’s Frederick William, moved toward an absolute monarchy and took the power from the hands of many to the hands of one. However, England, despite the efforts of its monarchs, especially Charles I and James II, to remove power from the hands of the Parliament to the hands of a single ruler. From 1625-1642, Charles I took all the power from the Parliament, effectively dismissing them, and rules without their authority, which included his collection of illegal taxes. Eventually, this led to the English Civil War, which put the power in the hands of the Commonwealth and Oliver Cromwell from 1642-1649. However, after his death, the monarchy was re-instituted under Charles II. However, under James II, whose reign followed that of Charles II, England moved dangerously close to becoming an absolutist state, for he dismissed Parliament and ruled alone. In response, Parliament called on William and Mary to rule England. As a result, these co-regents became dependent on Parliament, thus ending the threat of an absolutist reign. This non-violent overthrow is called the Glorious Revolution.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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